The illegal knee is basically a foul and like any other fouls which can even lead to disqualification of the fighter or fight declaration as 'No contest'.
Illegal Knee in Detail
An illegal knee enforced on a fighter when he or she touches their opponent's head with their knee when the opponent is grounded. Grounded state means when at least one part of the body other than a single hand and soles or the head of the fighter is touching the matte. Apart from these two cases, both fighters are allowed to do knee strikes to any part of the body except the groin area. Also, let's take this time to look for other foul actions other than the illegal knee.
Other Foul Actions in MMA
All these rules are based on the unified rules of the Mixed Martial Arts that evolved in a period of time.
1. Grabbing the fence
2. Holding the opponent's shorts or gloves
3. Head-butting
4. Biting or spitting at an opponent
5. Hair pulling
6. Fish-hooking
7. Intentionally placing a finger into any orifice, or into any cut or laceration of an opponent
8. Eye gouging of any kind
9. Groin attacks
10. Downward pointing of elbow strikes
11. Small joint manipulation
12. Strikes to the spine or back of the head or anything behind the ears
13. Throat strikes of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the trachea
14. Fingers outstretched towards opponent's face/eyes
15. Clawing, pinching, twisting the flesh
16. Kicking and knee-striking the head of a grounded opponent
17. Stomping an opponent on the ground
18. Swearing or offensive language in the cage
19. Any unsportsmanlike conduct that causes an injury to the opponent
20. Attacking an opponent during a break
21. Attacking an opponent who is under the care of the referee
22. Timidity (avoiding contact, consistent dropping of the mouthpiece, or faking an injury)
23. Throwing the opponent out of the ring/fighting area
24. Interference from a mixed martial artist's cornerman
25. Flagrant disregard of the referee’s instructions
26. Spiking an opponent to the canvas on his or her head or neck
27. Attacking an opponent after the bell has sounded the end of the period of unarmed combat.
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